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TX Judge Closes Courthouse, Prevents Death Appeal

Hours after the Supreme Court granted cert on the issue of whether Kentucky's lethal injection procedures constituted cruel and unusual punishment, Judge Sharon Keller in Texas, without consulting the other judges, closed the criminal courts at 5:00 pm.

As a result, Michael Richard's attorneys were unable to file for a stay of execution. Richard was executed that night.

Cheryl Johnson, the Judge assigned to handle any late minute motions in Richard's case is angry.

"If I'm in charge of the execution, I ought to have known about those things, and I ought to have been asked whether I was willing to stay late and accept those filings."

Johnson said her first reaction was "utter dismay." Johnson said she would have accepted the brief for consideration by the court. "Sure," she said. "I mean, this is a death case."

There were judges in the courthouse at the time Keller closed it.

Three judges were working late in the courthouse that evening, and others were available by phone if needed, court personnel said.

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    Effectively, Keller's move is just ... (5.00 / 2) (#3)
    by Meteor Blades on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 01:56:11 PM EST
    ...an extension of the attitude so well described in the final words of Harry Blackmun's dissent Herrera v. Collins: "perilously close to simple murder."

    Judge Sharon Killer (none / 0) (#12)
    by persiancowboy on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 10:50:31 PM EST
    You should check out the Judge Sharon Killer website. She even has a blog and myspace page:

    www.sharonkiller.com

    Parent

    It might be in how you ask... (none / 0) (#1)
    by Strick on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 12:35:17 PM EST
    "I got a phone call shortly before 5 and was told that the defendant had asked us to stay open. I asked why, and no reason was given," Keller said. "And I know that that is not what other people have said, but that's the truth. They did not tell us they had computer failure.

    "And given the late request, and with no reason given, I just said, 'We close at 5.' I didn't really think of it as a decision as much as a statement."



    Outrageous. (none / 0) (#2)
    by oculus on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 12:52:37 PM EST
    [From a former prosecutor.]

    Investigation needed (none / 0) (#4)
    by Scott Cobb on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 05:07:56 PM EST
    The State Commission on Judicial Conduct should investigate the matter and determine if Keller should be disciplined.

    An official inquiry is the best way to determine what exactly happened, including whether Sharon Keller should have consulted with the other judges on the CCA, in particular with the one judge who according to the news article in the Houston Chronicle "was assigned to handle any late motions in Richard's case".

     

    I don't think you have all the facts yet (none / 0) (#5)
    by Beldar on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 05:40:31 PM EST
    Jeralyn, I'm very, very sure that you're familiar with procedures for filing emergency motions outside regular business hours. So I have a question for you:

    Do you ask them to keep the courthouse open after hours?

    Or do you ask about what arrangements can be made to do an after-hours emergency filing?

    Because it appears that the legal team representing Richard did the former, and not the latter. And that's the difference between his legal team being incredibly stupid or the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals doing something entirely outrageous.

    Here's what Chief Justice Keller is quoted as saying by way of explanation, in the (left-leaning) Dallas Examiner:

    Keller defended her actions, saying she was relating the court's long-standing practice to close on time.

    "I got a phone call shortly before 5 and was told that the defendant had asked us to stay open. I asked why, and no reason was given," Keller said. "And I know that that is not what other people have said, but that's the truth. They did not tell us they had computer failure.

    "And given the late request, and with no reason given, I just said, 'We close at 5.' I didn't really think of it as a decision as much as a statement."

    That sounds to me like the legal team -- maybe a junior lawyer, maybe even a paralegal -- didn't get the message to anyone at the Court of Criminal Appeals that they were trying to arrange an after-hours emergency filing. Doesn't it sound that way to you?

    Don't you agree that it makes a difference? "Emergency Motion to Stay" versus "Emergency Motion to Keep the Courthouse Open"? I've seen lots of the former, but never one of the latter.

    I have a hard time believing (none / 0) (#6)
    by Jeralyn on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 05:56:24 PM EST
    whoever called didn't mention they were talking about a death case with a pending execution.  

    I don't know that the computer failure or the reason for the late filing is the issue as much as that it was a death case with an execution scheduled that night and the defense team was trying to file a motion after 5.

    Nor would I assume that Richard's lawyers are stupid. Texas has some excellent death penalty appeals lawyers.

    I also can't say the Judge is lying. But she hasn't denied knowing what case the lawyers were calling about has she?

    Parent

    Maybe NOT "incredibly stupid" (none / 0) (#9)
    by Beldar on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 07:49:12 PM EST
    Actually, I regret having used the phrase "incredibly stupid" earlier. The Richards defense team was acting on the very same day that the SCOTUS granted cert in Baze v. Rees from Kentucky. I'm sure they were under incredible pressure; and apparently, notwithstanding their failure to get a hearing at the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, they also tried to get a stay from the SCOTUS. It's entirely possible that, whether the communications screwup originated with the defense team or somewhere inside the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, nobody was being "stupid" or "wicked," and without more of the key facts, I should no more have jumped to that sort of judgment than anyone else should have jumped to judgment that Presiding Judge Keller was being "stupid" or "wicked."

    Parent
    Screwup likely was downstream of the judge (none / 0) (#7)
    by Beldar on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 06:12:17 PM EST
    The right questions haven't been asked yet, I don't think. At least if they have, there hasn't been any reporting on it yet.

    It's a lot easier for me to imagine that in the hectic crush of trying to get a stay motion on file before the execution, the legal team delegated the task of calling the Court of Criminal Appeals to someone -- maybe a paralegal, maybe a secretary -- who didn't make clear what was going on.

    It's also conceivable to me that the communication screw-up happened with clerical personnel inside the Court's office, who either didn't know that this was an emergency motion in a death case with an execution scheduled for that night, or didn't communicate that properly to Chief Justice Keller.

    If the question being asked was "Will you keep the courthouse open?" that sounds to me like the sort of thing that might be asked by someone inexperienced in emergency stay applications. And without knowing that it was a death case with an execution scheduled for that night, it's the kind of thing that a judge -- after asking "Why?" and being told "They didn't say" -- would answer "No."

    It appears that they already had another Justice who was specifically prepared to review an emergency filing on this particular capital defendant. That would make sense; they probably handle more emergency stay applications than any court staff anywhere except (maybe) at the SCOTUS, doncha think?

    Clearly there was some sort of breakdown, somewhere. Maybe a judge was at fault; I don't think that's been established yet, though. And if I had to bet, I'd lay odds on the breakdown being on the defense team's part.

    If your paralegal came back and told you, "They won't keep the courthouse open," would you take that for an answer?  I wouldn't have.  I like to think I'd have already made after-hours arrangements just on the possibility that I might have a computer glitch or some other unanticipated problem that would keep me from filing during normal business hours.

    And there's certainly no reason to think yet that Chief Justice Keller was intending to make a ruling on the merits to the effect that the Court of Criminal Appeals would not consider an emergency motion presented outside business hours. I just have a hard time imagining that happening. I'd agree that if that is what happened, it would be an awful thing.

    "We close at 5" is just the kind of line that a story could coalesce around, regardless of whether it's the complete story or not.

    the other judges (none / 0) (#8)
    by txpublicdefender on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 07:09:04 PM EST
    I find it hard to believe that the other judges on the court would be speaking out so vocally on their dismay at what Keller did if it is playing out as Keller said.  I'm pretty sure the guy was represented by one of the veteran death penalty appeals guys in the state, and I would be much more inclined to believe that they knew how to do after-hours filings and Judge Keller screwed it up.  Keller, by the way, is the same judge who famously created the "unindicted co-ejaculator" (not that she used that phrase) theory for a guy who was exonerated by DNA evidence in a rape-murder (although he was only ever prosecuted and convicted for the rape) by saying, essentially, that the victim was known to be a slut, so the semen inside her dead body could have belonged to someone she had consensual sex with before.  The guy stayed in prison for a few more years until they were also able to match the saliva on a cigarette butt lying near the woman's dead body to the semen that didn't belong to the convicted man.  (http://www.truthinjustice.org/criner-pardon.htm and  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/case/interviews/keller.html) I don't hold her in much regard.

    Look carefully (none / 0) (#10)
    by Beldar on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 08:03:38 PM EST
    The other judges' comments certainly indicate dismay and anger.  You're inferring, though, that it's directed at Presiding Judge Keller.  Maybe it is.  Or maybe they're expressing their frustration over a communications breakdown that's attributable to someone else.  I don't think you can tell that from what's been reported so far.

    This all appears to be based on reporting from a single source — this Austin-American Statesman story, which actually was written about the stay granted this week in the Chi case, and only went back into the Richard case near its conclusion.

    Judge Johnson is quoted as saying: "And I was angry," she said. "If I'm in charge of the execution, I ought to have known about those things, and I ought to have been asked whether I was willing to stay late and accept those filings." Well, yeah, but ... asked by whom? Asked by Presiding Judge Keller? Asked by someone downstream in the clerk's staff? Or asked by Richard's lawyers?

    What I actually find more troubling than the quotes from the other judges is the obscure involvement of "the court's general counsel, Edward Marty, who had consulted with Keller on the request." How did he get in this loop, unless he happened to be who answered the phone to begin with?

    Look, if it turns out that Presiding Judge Keller actually knew this was a death case with an execution scheduled for that night, and did nothing more than say "We close at 5, sorry," then I'll join you on the bandwagon for her impeachment. You have a bad opinion of her, but she's been on the court since 1994, which must translate into hundreds of stay applications she's seen presented both inside and after regular court hours. I'm sure there will be more investigation of this in the next day or two, but for the moment, I'd still put odds on this having been a communication screwup by someone.

    Parent

    Judge Sharon Killer (none / 0) (#11)
    by persiancowboy on Thu Oct 04, 2007 at 10:48:35 PM EST
    Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Presiding Judge Sharon Keller closed the
    court's office at 5 PM on an execution day without consulting any of the
    other judges on the court. As a result, a man was executed without being
    able to have the merits of his last appeal considered by the justice system. To close at 5 PM and refuse to accept an appeal by a person about to be executed is a violation of judicial responsibility. When a person is about to be executed, our state's highest criminal court needs to remain open for business. Keller should resign or be impeached and removed from office for her unethical conduct. This is not the first time that Keller has behaved like a buffoon. According to Tom Price, one of the other conservative judges on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, as far back as 2001 she made Texas' highest criminal appeals court "a national laughingstock." As long as Keller is in office, the people of Texas can not be sure that justice is being done with integrity.

    Any concerned Texan can file a complaint with the State Commission on Judicial Conduct by going to: www.scjc.state.tx.us

    More details from Houston Chronicle (none / 0) (#13)
    by Scott Cobb on Fri Oct 05, 2007 at 03:05:25 AM EST
    The Houston Chronicle is reporting new details in Friday's paper on what happened on the day Keller closed the court at 5 PM. According to quotes in the paper, it appears that Judges Cochran and Womack believe that Keller was the cause of the problems. If they believe that, then according to the Texas Code of Judicial Conduct they themselves may be ethically obligated to file a complaint against Keller with the Texas Commission on Judicial Conduct. The code  says, "A judge who receives information clearly establishing that another judge has committed a violation of this Code should take appropriate action. A judge having knowledge that another judge has committed a violation of this Code that raises a substantial question as to the other judge's fitness for office shall inform the State Commission on Judicial Conduct or take other appropriate action."

    Now, here are some of the new info from the Houston Chronicle"

    Texas Court of Criminal Appeals judges were ready to work late the evening Michael Richard was executed, expecting an eleventh-hour appeal that - unbeknownst to them - Presiding Judge Sharon Keller refused to allow to be filed after 5 p.m.

    That's according to interviews with two judges, one of whom stayed until 7 p.m. on Sept. 25 and one who left early but was available and said others stayed. They expected Richard's lawyers to file an appeal based on the U.S. Supreme Court's decision earlier in the day to consider a Kentucky case challenging the constitutionality of lethal injection.

    "There were plenty of judges here, and there were plenty of other personnel here," said Judge Cathy Cochran, who had to go home early that day but was available. "A number of judges stayed very late that evening, waiting for a filing from the defense attorney."

    Cochran said at the least, a decision should have been made by the full court on whether to accept the appeal: "I would definitely accept anything at any time from someone who was about to be executed."

    Judge Paul Womack said, "All I can tell you is that night I stayed at the court until 7 o'clock in case some late filing came in. I was under the impression we might get something. ... It was reasonable to expect an effort would be made with some haste in light of the Supreme Court" action. He added, "It was an important issue. I wanted to be sure to be available in case it was raised."

    Keller didn't consult the other judges about taking the appeal after 5 p.m. and said she didn't think she could have reached them. She said, however, that Judge Cheryl Johnson, who was assigned the case, was at the court. Johnson didn't return a telephone call.

    Keller voiced no second thoughts more than a week after her decision.

    "You're asking me whether something different would have happened if we had stayed open," Keller said, "and I think the question ought to be why didn't they file something on time? They had all day."

    David Dow, an attorney in the case who runs the Texas Innocence Network at the University of Houston Law Center, called her statement "outrageous," noting that lawyers had to decide legal strategy and then craft a filing about why the case before the U.S. Supreme Court applied to Richard's arguments.

    The reason behind the request for the delay was a severe computer problem, Dow said. He said he told the court clerk about the problem. Keller said the lawyers didn't give a reason.

    Dow also said the court will not accept a filing by e-mail. If it did, he said, lawyers could have met the 5 p.m. deadline once they beat their computer problem, because printing the filing took extra time. The lawyers needed about another 20 minutes.

    Jim Harrington, director of the Texas Civil Rights Project, said he was thinking about filing a complaint with the Texas State Commission on Judicial Conduct about Keller.

    "When I saw that, I think I would just describe my reaction as 'stunningly unconscionable,' " Harrington said of her refusal. "There has to be some kind of accountability for this."

    Seana Willing, executive director of the Texas commission, said she isn't sure Keller could be sanctioned, were a complaint to be filed, because she isn't aware of anything in the Code of Judicial Conduct that would cover her decision to close the clerk's office while a death penalty case was pending. She indicated she looked through the code after learning of the dispute but could find "nothing specific" dealing with it.

    Keller, who was re-elected last year to a six-year term, and Cochran also said they couldn't think of a provision that Keller's action would violate. Judge Mike Keasler, noting he teaches judicial ethics, said he knows of no violation related to such an administrative action by the court's presiding judge.

    Harrington said, "I think you'd take the totality of it and have to make some sort of argument this was a gross miscarriage of justice."

    Lawyers said that without a ruling by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals on Richard's appeal, the U.S. Supreme Court couldn't consider it. The U.S. Supreme Court stayed another man's execution the same week, after his appeal was denied by the Court of Criminal Appeals.

    Even though there may not be a specific provision that Keller violated in the the Texas Code of Judicial Conduct, it does say that the code "is not intended as an exhaustive guide for the conduct of judges. They should also be governed in their judicial and personal conduct by general ethical standards".

    So using that clause, it should be possible for the commission to act, even though Keller's specific ethical lapse is not listed in the Code of Judicial Conduct.

    Jumping the gun (none / 0) (#14)
    by roy on Fri Oct 05, 2007 at 09:47:44 AM EST
    Here's all it has to say about Cochran:

    "There were plenty of judges here, and there were plenty of other personnel here," said Judge Cathy Cochran, who had to go home early that day but was available. "A number of judges stayed very late that evening, waiting for a filing from the defense attorney."

    Cochran said at the least, a decision should have been made by the full court on whether to accept the appeal: "I would definitely accept anything at any time from someone who was about to be executed."

    ...

    Keller, who was re-elected last year to a six-year term, and Cochran also said they couldn't think of a provision [Code of Judicial Conduct] that Keller's action would violate.

    And all it says about Womack:

    Judge Paul Womack said, "All I can tell you is that night I stayed at the court until 7 o'clock in case some late filing came in. I was under the impression we might get something. ... It was reasonable to expect an effort would be made with some haste in light of the Supreme Court" action. He added, "It was an important issue. I wanted to be sure to be available in case it was raised."

    None of which supports the claim that "According to quotes in the paper, it appears that Judges Cochran and Womack believe that Keller was the cause of the problems.", as opposed to miscommunication being to blame.

    Parent

    First, (none / 0) (#15)
    by Deconstructionist on Fri Oct 05, 2007 at 10:08:34 AM EST
      I find it hard to believe that Keller was unware that the execution was scheduled or would be unable to figure out the request was coming from the attorneys for the man scheduled to be executed.

      Any neglect by the attorneys (and I do have many questions about their performance here) should not have led to preventing the filing for a stay.

    however, wtf?! Did the defense team just sigh, give each other a "hey, we tried" slap on the back, turn off their lights and go home at 5PM? None of them thought to call Johnson, the GD judge who was actually in charge of last minute appeals, directly?! No one drove to the courthouse and pounded on freaking doors? Tried cell phones? Called other judges at home or whatever?!

    There HAS to be more to this story.

    Still murky (none / 0) (#17)
    by Beldar on Fri Oct 05, 2007 at 05:12:05 PM EST
    Many excellent comments here. I agree that there's much that still needs to be developed, and much that's potentially troubling.

    My own extended take on this matter, from last night, is on my own blog. Jeralyn, thanks for the comment you left there; I've revised the text of my original post to make it clear that you were reporting here without necessarily expressing an opinion.

    I also have an email in to Prof. David Dow, who was part of the Richard defense team, in hopes that he might consent to a phone or email interview for attribution and quotation on my blog.

    More info (none / 0) (#18)
    by Beldar on Fri Oct 05, 2007 at 06:48:32 PM EST
    I now have some follow-up information posted that was emailed to me by Chuck Lindell, the Austin American-Statesman reporter whose Wednesday story the AP relied upon in Jeralyn's link in her original post here. And Prof. Dow has graciously agreed to a phone interview on Monday.

    Parent