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Judge: Follow Guidelines in All But Exceptional Circumstances

U.S. District Court Judge Paul Cassell has rushed to press with the first post-Booker decision and it's awful. You can read it here. As one lawyer e-mailed us, "Read it and Weep. The radical right has been planning for this." Two paragraphs in Cassell's opinion tell the story:

To be sure, reasonable minds may differ about whether the Guidelines are the best standard against which to measure the fairness of sentences. It is no secret that some judges believe sentences are too harsh, although the degree of judicial dissatisfaction with the Guidelines is easy to overstate.81 The fundamental fact remains, however, that the Guidelines are the only standard available to all judges around the country today. For that reason alone, the Guidelines should be followed in all but the most exceptional cases.

For all these reasons, the court concludes that in exercising its discretion in imposing sentences, the court will give heavy weight to the recommended Guidelines sentence in determining what sentence is appropriate. The court, in the exercise of its discretion, will only deviate from those Guidelines in unusual cases for clearly identified and persuasive reasons. This is the only course that implements the congressionally-mandated purposes behind imposing criminal sentences.”

So we've already gone from the guidelines being advisory only to they should be given heavy weight and applied in all but exceptional circumstances? If so, Booker and FanFan, and more importantly, Blakely, are meaningless, and defendants are worse off than before they were decided, because we are back to Judges deciding sentencing facts rather than juries and judges deciding and imposing guideline enhancements in all but exceptional cases, a term that is bound to vary greatly from judge to judge. So much for reducing disparity in sentencing.

Whatever happened to the Booker court's finding this violated the Sixth Amendment? That sure didn't matter for long. Seen under Cassell's lamp, even the change in the standard of appeal to "reasonableness" will end up hurting defendants. After getting a guideline sentence based on facts decided by a judge without a jury, the issue on appeal will be was it unreasonable for the judge not to find the case exceptional thereby justifying the non-application of or deviation from the guidelines. Right now, all we have to show for a departure is that the case is "outside the heartland." Cassell's method will move that burden up to "exceptional."

Law Professor Doug Berman of