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Laws Of War And Citizenship Stripping

How is "assasination" different than citizenship stripping?

Citing with approval news reports that President Obama has signed a secret order authorizing the targeted killing of a radical Yemeni-American cleric, Anwar Al-Awlaki, Mr. Lieberman argued that if that policy was legal — and he said he believed it was — then stripping people of citizenship for joining terrorist organizations should also be acceptable.

This echoes Glenn Greenwald:

Outrage over Lieberman's citizen-stripping bill is odd in light of Obama's assassination program: which would you rather have done to you?

I think this argument features a strain of divergence I have with Greenwald (a good faith disagreement) and people like Joe Lieberman. You'll also see it in my discussions of preventive detention. The Laws of War are simply different from criminal law. Thus, killing an enemy combatant or detaining an enemy combatant is a different matter than incarcerating (or even executing) an individual for criminal actions. More . . .

I posit that there is little doubt that the President, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, can order military action against belligerent forces. This does not change when the belligerent forces include American citizens.

In discussing the issue of preventive detention, I wrote:

Glenn[Greenwald] portrays the power to indefinitely detain "alleged combatants" as something new. Clearly in a theater of war it is not. (Glenn's objection appears to be more directed at the scope of the "theater of war." And yet, the reality is that terrorists do operate all over the globe. In effect, there is an expanded "theater of war.) We used to call such detainees prisoners of war, and the Geneva Conventions applied to such detentions.

To me that is the key point to answering Glenn's question "when Bush and Cheney did preventively imprison large numbers of people, was I in favor of that or did I oppose it[?]" I opposed it BECAUSE the Bush Administration insisted that the Geneva Conventions did NOT apply to the detentions.

I would argue that application of the Laws of War are the proper method of analysis of President Obama's apparent order to attack Anwar Al Alwaki, a US citizen. To me the question is are Obama's directives consonant with the Laws of War.

John Walker Lindh was an American citizen fighting with the Taliban. He was, IIRC, injured by US forces. Obviously this had no due process implications. But what if there was an order specifically targetting Lindh? Would this violate due process? In my opinion, no.

The more interesting question is, and frankly I have not researched the answer, is it proper under the Laws of War to target enemy combatants for assassination, as opposed to a military force for defeat? I will research this question.

Speaking for me only

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  • Display: Sort:
    I think there is a basic sense in some (none / 0) (#1)
    by andgarden on Fri May 07, 2010 at 10:28:56 AM EST
    quarters--and I don't wish to put words in Glenn's mouth--that war is generally illegal or extra-legal. And so talking about the law of war is like talking about the law of heaven.

    Perpetual State Of War (none / 0) (#2)
    by squeaky on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:04:33 AM EST
    With no boundaries, seems like a game changer, imo.

    This must be why the neo-cons prayed for an event like pearl harbor...  From PNAC's Rebuilding America's Defenses Sept 2000 (PDF) Section V:

    Further, the process of transformation, even if it brings revolutionary change, is likely to be a long one, absent some catastrophic and catalyzing event - like a new Pearl Harbor.


    Well (none / 0) (#3)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:08:19 AM EST
    No boundaries seems inaccurate to me.

    Certainly, somewhat perversely, US territory is not a theater of war in the legal sense.

    Outside of the US, well, a well functioning Congress would develop clear rules of the road,but obviously we do not have a well run Congress.

    Parent

    Using the "law of war" paradigm, (none / 0) (#5)
    by Peter G on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:25:47 AM EST
    even though The Homeland is not a "theater of war," if an enemy belligerent or spy commits or attempts to commit an act of sabotage in the U.S. on behalf of the enemy, wouldn't that be a war crime addressable in and punishable by military tribunal (as well as a domestic crime, of course)?  The Supreme Court said so with respect to the Nazi saboteurs (one of them a US citizen) who landed on Long Island during WWII.  So I think it does come down to the question Squeaky raises -- is this struggle with violent, transnational, non-state, religiously-motivated actors a kind of "war," under international law, or isn't it?  In fact, I think that has been the big question since 9/11.  

    Parent
    It would be (none / 0) (#10)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:30:47 AM EST
    see Ex Parte Quirin, but the President is not empowered to order military action in the United States.

    Parent
    Are you saying that conducting (none / 0) (#25)
    by Peter G on Fri May 07, 2010 at 12:18:16 PM EST
    a trial by military commission is a form of "military action" that the President cannot conduct inside U.S. territory?  I guess I don't understand your point.

    Parent
    Not my argument (none / 0) (#38)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Sat May 08, 2010 at 10:50:40 AM EST
    But I think that is a pretty fair assessment.

    Military tribunals in the US are a bad idea.

    Parent

    Why is the US not a "theater of war" (none / 0) (#6)
    by david mizner on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:26:49 AM EST
    but, say, Yemen is?

    By the illogic of the war of terror, everywhere is a "theater of war."

    Parent

    The Constitutuon does not permit it (none / 0) (#9)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:29:56 AM EST
    in my view unless it is an insurrection.

    Parent
    Because the FBI and law enforcement (none / 0) (#35)
    by Militarytracy on Fri May 07, 2010 at 05:32:39 PM EST
    has the authority to deal with terrorist threat inside the boundaries of U.S. territory.  And they have the right to use deadly force too by the way.  There isn't even an authority willing to deal with terrorist threat in Yemen, that we can go to as a sovereign power who can aid us in what endangers us in Yemen.

    Parent
    How So? (none / 0) (#8)
    by squeaky on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:29:24 AM EST
    US territory is not a theater of war in the legal sense.

    The paradigm of a war on terror will always be perpetual war, as it is a war that can never be won, or ended unless we arrive "back to the garden", so to speak.

    Why isn't US territory included in the theater of war? As far as I understand there are no bounds to the WOT, a convenience whose usefulness cannot be overstated enough.

     

    Parent

    The Constitution does not permit it (none / 0) (#11)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:31:31 AM EST
    unless it is an insurrection.

    Parent
    Interesting (none / 0) (#14)
    by squeaky on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:35:47 AM EST
    Thanks...

    Not sure why the teabaggers, and the Loserman's teaparty law has not moved to change that little constitutional bugaboo...

    Parent

    Ha. I shall remember that category (none / 0) (#37)
    by Cream City on Fri May 07, 2010 at 08:52:40 PM EST
    aka "little constitutional bugaboos."

    Amazing, the range of our rights that are so categorized by some conservatives.

    Parent

    Two different things (none / 0) (#7)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:29:20 AM EST
    I am talking about the legal regimes that are developing, not necessarily whether they will be effective or not.

    The confusion in comparing the citizenship stripping to the assassination orders AS A LEGAL MATTER is what I am talking about.

    Assassination as a legitimate tool of war is an either it is or it isn't thing. There is not contradiction between thinking it is  and also thinking that the citizenship stripping proposal is unconstitutional.

    This is mixing up apples and oranges.

    Just as Glenn has done regarding preventive detention.

    So in your view, an American (none / 0) (#13)
    by david mizner on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:34:09 AM EST
    citizens loses his constitutional rights as soon as he leaves the United States?

    Likewise, the rules of war apply everywhere except in the United States?

    Parent

    My view? (none / 0) (#16)
    by Big Tent Democrat on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:37:30 AM EST
    The SCOTUS' view actually,

    See the Firth Amendment jurisprudence on the subject,

    See also the Insular Cases.

    Should it be that way? Perhaps not. But it is what it is.

    Parent

    Now you're talking lawyer (none / 0) (#18)
    by david mizner on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:40:47 AM EST
    I don't understand.

    Is it really the case that an American citizen who flees say, a drug rap by going to France forfeits his constitutional rights?

    Parent

    Is he an enemy combatant (none / 0) (#19)
    by Militarytracy on Fri May 07, 2010 at 11:50:09 AM EST
    seeking to make guerrilla style attacks upon the United States? In my opinion the determination of "enemy combatant" is the game changer.

    Parent
    So why does an "enemy combatant" (none / 0) (#21)
    by david mizner on Fri May 07, 2010 at 12:00:54 PM EST
    have rights in the U.S but nowhere else?

    It seems to me that both Holy Joe and Greenwald are being consistent. Either American citizen-enemy combatant have constitutional rights or they don't.

    Parent

    Because we have the authority (none / 0) (#22)
    by Militarytracy on Fri May 07, 2010 at 12:05:28 PM EST
    to contain the danger that person poses to the population and address it through incarceration, while giving that person due process.  Outside U.S. territory we do not have that option.  Enemy Combatant determination must come with evidence, and I believe at this time it does but I cannot say that under Dubya much if any evidence was required.

    Parent
    I think it is important to make (none / 0) (#24)
    by Militarytracy on Fri May 07, 2010 at 12:12:42 PM EST
    note as well, no matter how dangerous someone has been deemed to be...killing them is actually viewed as loss of asset that could benefit the safety of the world.  And given our current situation, martyring them has a huge downside verses imprisoning them for life.  But if capture is unlikely or extremely risky to others, we will kill them and we do.

    Parent